Synonyms āyuḥ—duration of life; sattva—existence; bala—strength; ārogya—health; sukha—happiness; prīti—and satisfaction; vivardhanāḥ—increasing; rasyāḥ—juicy; snigdhāḥ—fatty; sthirāḥ—enduring; hṛdyāḥ—pleasing to the heart; āhārāḥ—food; sāttvika—to one in goodness; priyāḥ—palatable. kaṭu—bitter; amla—sour; lavaṇa—salty; ati-uṣṇa—very hot; tīkṣṇa—pungent; rūkṣa—dry; vidāhinaḥ—burning; āhārāḥ—food; rājasasya—to one in the mode of passion; iṣṭāḥ—palatable; duḥkha—distress; śoka—misery; āmaya—disease; pradāḥ—causing. yāta-yāmam—cooked three hours before being eaten; gata-rasam—tasteless; pūti—bad-smelling; paryuṣitam—decomposed; ca—also; yat—which; ucchiṣṭam—remnants; api—even; ca—also; amedhyam—untouchable; bhojanam—food; tāmasa—to one in the mode of ignorance; priyam—dear.

Translation Foods dear to those in the mode of goodness increase the duration of life, purify one’s existence and give strength, health, happiness and satisfaction. Such foods are juicy, fatty, wholesome, and pleasing to the heart. Foods that are too bitter, too sour, salty, hot, pungent, dry and burning are dear to those in the mode of passion. Such foods cause distress, misery and disease. Food prepared more than three hours before being eaten, which is tasteless, stale, putrid, decomposed and unclean, is food liked by people in the mode of ignorance.

Synonyms deva—the Supreme Lord; dvija—the brāhmaṇas; guru—the spiritual master; prājña—and worshipable personalities; pūjanam—worship; śaucam—cleanliness; ārjavam—simplicity; brahmacaryam—celibacy; ahiṁsā—nonviolence; ca—also; śārīram—pertaining to the body; tapaḥ—austerity; ucyate—is said to be.

Translation The austerity of the body consists in this: worship of the Supreme Lord, the brāhmaṇas, the spiritual master, and superiors like the father and mother, and in cleanliness, simplicity, celibacy and nonviolence.

Synonyms anudvega-karam—not agitating; vākyam—words; satyam—truthful; priya—pleasing; hitam—beneficial; ca—also; yat—which; svādhyāya—Vedic study; abhyasanam—practice; ca—also; eva—certainly; vāk-mayam—of speech; tapaḥ—austerity; ucyate—is said to be.

Translation Austerity of speech consists in speaking words that are truthful, pleasing, beneficial, and not agitating to others, and also in regularly reciting Vedic literature.

Synonyms manaḥ-prasādaḥ—satisfaction of the mind; saumyatvam—without duplicity towards others; maunam—gravity; ātma—self; vinigrahaḥ—control; bhāva—nature; saḿśuddhiḥ—purification; iti—thus; etat—that is; tapaḥ—austerity; mānasam—of the mind; ucyate—is said to be.

Translation And serenity of mind, simplicity, gravity, self-control and purification of one’s existence are the austerities of the mind.